HEADS-UP and Beyond: Extension-Led Interventions for Weather-Related Disaster Readiness in Vulnerable Communities in Alabama

Abstract

Rural communities in Alabama face high risks from weather-related disasters such as tornadoes and hurricanes due to poverty, substandard housing, limited access to emergency communication tools, and systemic barriers to preparedness education. This dissertation evaluates the effectiveness of the HEADS-UP (Helping Every Alabamian Develop Storm Understanding and Preparation Plans) led by the Alabama Cooperative Extension System (ACES), which seeks to address these challenges through targeted, community-based interventions. Guided by the Extension Disaster Education Model (Black, 2012) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991), this research addresses three related topics: (1) assessing disaster preparedness and risk perception among rural residents, (2) evaluating the impact of a structured 3-hour disaster preparedness workshop on participants' knowledge and preparedness behaviors, and (3) analyzing communication preferences and barriers in disseminating severe weather warnings to vulnerable populations. Utilizing quantitative and mixed-method research methods, data was collected from residents in Alabama's most disaster-prone counties, primarily older adults and women. Key findings indicate significant gaps in risk awareness, shelter access, and understanding of weather alert terminology. Results also demonstrate that targeted educational interventions and tailored communication campaigns substantially enhance preparedness and resilience, particularly among seniors and residents of mobile homes. These findings underscore the effectiveness of community-specific, extension-led disaster education programs and advocate for their continued expansion. Future research should explore broader implementation and assess long-term impacts.